We Can Raise Antibodies Against a Specific Antigen, How

We Can Raise Antibodies Against a Specific Antigen, How? BY loveyal 2345 Midterm 2 Review Antibodies Experimental Purpose: We can â€Å"raise† antibodies against a specific antigen (protein of interest) How? Polyclonal: 1 antigen with many antibodies that bind to specific sites on the antigen (Received by injecting animal with protein of interest, waiting for that animal to build antibodies (B-lymphocytes). The lymphocytes are then extracted which give us the polyclonal antibodies. Monoclonal: I antibody that binds to a specific site on the antigen. (These are received by the same way as polyclonal, expect you only extract ne antibody, and place that into a cancer cell to create a chimera of the two, the immortal cancer cell then acts like the monoclonal antibody. ) These are the best to use in experiments because they are specific to only ONE protein of interest. These antibodies can used in experiments to: Purify a protein of interest Visualize a particular protein in a live system or in a gel HowProbe the gel to visualize where a protein is. Probing Protein Structure 1) X-ray crystallography – Spend h your life producing sufficiently pure protein and obtaining a crystal protein (Crystallizing the proteins is a hard process) â€Å"Shoot† crystal protein with light, electrons, or radiation and examine the diffraction patterns with extremely powerful computers -Analyze all the data while considering the amino-acid sequence and build a 3-D model of the protein. ) NMR-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Used rarely) – For small proteins only – â€Å"Shoot† concentrated pure proteins with strong magnetic field to generate hydrogen atom vibrations. – Use computer program to measure reconstruct the structure of the protein by measuring the hydrogen atom vibrations. Mass spectrometry is used as a precursor to both of these experiments. It generates the amino-acid sequence.Protein Purification 1) Grow Cells with protein of inte rest (transferred on plasmid or native cell) 2) Lyse Cells -homogenization of tissues†did in lab -cell lysis buffers†break cell membrane -sonication†send sound waves through the cell to break membrane -pin-hole lysis†push mixture through an extremely tiny hole (Force large molecules through a small opening causes them to break apart) 3) Centrifugation A) Regular Centrifugation B) Differential Centrifugation: Sequential centrifugation @ increasing speeds (lowohigh) -low speed pellets = big things -high speed pellets= small things C) Velocity Centrifugation layer cell and lysate over a â€Å"density gradient† and centrifuge to separate by density. Remove layers to separate proteins. D)Equilibrium Sedimentation: another name for C 4) Column Cromatography 3 types Ion exchange (charge separation)†protein adheres to beads of an opposite charge Gel filtration (size separation)†matrix has holes, the large proteins come out last Affinity (Affinity s eparation)†beads have something on it that only your protein binds to. ) Electrophoresis (small volume separation or detection) -use polyacrylimide gel (creates a â€Å"mesh† in the gel to separate proteins by size and charge. separates denatured proteins 6) Isoelectric focusing based on isolelectric point of protein†2D electrophoresis Griffiths Experiment Conclusion: heat killed bacteria transformed nonviolent bacteria Extract of heat killing S-strain transform R-strain to become S-strain Isolated â€Å"transforming material† (TM) and determined it was DNA not proteins that carried genetic information. (Took 1 5 years) How do we test Added proteases Injected into mouse Mouse should live (According to beliefs during that time period) Mouse however dies Added nucleases Mouse should die (According to beliefs during that time period) Mouse however livesThis illustrated that DNA carried the genetic information Hershey-chase Experiments Bacteriophages†viru s that infect bacteria Inject DNA into bacteria (naked)†DNA unprotected by proteins Protein shell left outside of bacteria Label phages Label protein 7 groups of phages Label DNA in other groups of phages Mix both phage types with bacteria Blend bacterial mixture so that any viral parts outside the cell are ripped off Pellet bacteria and observe that only DNA label types is seen in pelleted bacteria Proved DNA carries genetic information 1) Grow bacteria with light DNA (14N) and heavy DNA (1 5N) which will separate to ifferent levels upon density-gradient centrifugation 2) Transfer heavy DNA and place in flask with light isotope Allows to eliminate conservative view 3) Heat DNA from step 2 to make it single stranded, then centrifuge.

Outsourcing – Pros and cons

Outsourcing is utilized to reduce cost, Increase quality, fulfill staffing resources, reduce fixed costs, and Increase profit margins. Any of the aforementioned reasons or combinations offers organizations variable costs (Noreen, Brewer, & Garrison, 2011). Outsourcing has become necessary for many organizations, The economy has changed drastically over the past few years Influencing more organizations to analyze the financial advantages or disadvantages of producing products and services in- house or outsourcing. Numerous components and variances contribute to the cost of doing business.The cost structure is the primary components of organizations. Some cost structures are fixed, variable, or mixed indicating a combination of fixed and variable. Variable cost is cost associated with activity, if activity increases variable cost increases. Variable cost warrant organizations to modify their business model. Some changes decrease expenses and increase return on investment (ROI). Profits are materialized when investments and expenses are maximized to Increase consistent residual Income. Residual Income â€Å"encourage managers to make Investment profitable for the entire company' (Noreen, Brewer, ; Garrison, 0111.The Investment of equipment, faculties, and labor Is related to fixed cost. Labor can be classified as fixed or variable, depending on the country in which the labor occurred. In other words, the flexibility of the management dictates the decision on whether labor is fixed or variable. Mixed cost components would be the monthly rent of a facility, labor, the overtime of production and services, and the increase in productivity (Noreen, Brewer, ; Garrison, 2011). The assignment and paper revolves around outsourcing of production or services.The article regarding outsourcing opens the mind to real life situation. Ford outsourced a portion of their productivity requirement to Visited because of Eviction's expertise. Eviction's client base was limited and may cause shareholders concern If his or her primary revenue was lost. Ford's agreement with Visited equates to 80% of Eviction's revenue stream (Higher, 2003). Organizations cannot depend on excellent revenue to continue generating the same amount of ROI or long-term client base. Materials, labor, fixed costs, and technological advancements, and taxes increase over time.The cost of tit geographic changes caused by wars, acts of God, the unemployment rate, and various other elements beyond control. The need to outsource Ford's business and capture new revenue became apparent. Therefore, Visited contracted with International Business Machines Corporation (MM) to relieve liability of potential revenue loss. IBM has changed directions and narrowed their scope of business. IBM started out manufacturing and selling hardware, mainframes, computers, typewriters, printers, and peripherals. Technology and economics have shaped the direction of most industries.IBM helped technology evolve and tr ansform changes within industries. Additionally, automation found in many organizations was started with IBM technology created more enhancements leading to rapidly deployed product or service offerings. The numerous changes forced industries and organizations to squeeze every area possible to shrink the cost structure. Profits keep the doors open and shareholders investing more money. Diversification is one way to generate revenue and profits. During the diversification process labor and material change organizations mixed cost.The variable cost elements are scrutinized and fluctuate until an organization solidifies direction. Sometimes diversifying includes outsourcing pieces of the business model. The outsourcing pieces vary, depending on the product or service the organization provides. The major focus in diversification relies on labor, materials, and sourcing (Noreen, Brewer, & Garrison, 2011). Labor for all industries have a wide range of wages based on Job descriptions and n umerous other elements. The same Job at another organization or location in the same industry may provide different wages.Labor is an expense requiring considerable analysis. Materials are another area similar to labor expense requiring exploratory analysis. Material and labor are key components to cost structure of organizations. Materials maintain fluctuating costs with location or source influencing the cost delivery timeshare, and expense of delivery. Each country, region, or states adds to the cost structure. Some countries have tax advantages and some have disadvantages depending on location (Eunuchs, Wallace, Wilson, Smith, 2004). Sourcing is an essential part of management duties and location of facilities.The task of developing and maintaining budgets contribute to the performance of an organization. Management's ability to carry out his or her Job duties in the best interest of the organization reflects on budgeting and management skills (Noreen, Brewer, ; Garrison, 2011). When outsourcing is under consideration an organizations core competencies determine the strength of their business model. Some companies have different opinions of a company's strengths. An exercise used in mapping out strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SOOT) is useful to identify areas warranting attention.A representative from all management levels and business units should meet to form a consensus on all four fundamentals of SOOT (Mullions & Walker, 2010). SOOT will add validity to areas vulnerable, missing talent, merit outside engagement, and will benefit from cost adjustments. However, in this case generalities will establish objectives and mind shaping ideas. The strength of an organization is the people, which enhance the core competencies needed to succeed. The employee's skills are prepared to handle the workload.The gaps in delivering a product or service compose the preliminary area a third party vendor s the lack of skilled labor and gaps in deliverabl es to supply the product or service at a cost-effective rate. The labor and materials provided by a third party will increase profits without compromising quality. Opportunities will enhance an organization. The enhancements will deliver new revenue streams. The opportunities may open numerous situations resulting in potential profits. The opposite appears in threats. Threats Jeopardize the organization. Competition is the leading agent in extracting revenue.The operating expenses exceeding ROI, labor, and material can push expenses out of control. However, taking control of expenses by contracting out portions of the business to third parties will off-set expenses stopping the threats and potentially saving the organization from closure or bankruptcy. The decision to in-house or contract to a third party a portion of an organizations product or service depends on the financial outcome. The bottom line for any organization should influence management's decision. The areas of an orga nization requiring employees with skills and expertise demand higher wages.Higher waged Jobs absorb a large portion of the operating expenses. Operating expenses are a huge allocation of the financial structure and cash flow. Operating expenses influences an organizations ability to invest and profits. Therefore, organizations must contain expenses and explorer all options to reduce fixed costs. Labor and material are another part of the operating budget. Every aspect of the operating budget demands scrutiny, evaluation, and comparing in-house to outsourced. In most cases in-house expenses are higher because wages, benefits, and fixed costs are extremely high in comparison to third-party.Wages, benefits, fixed costs, and time enrich an organization adding alee to the mix helps to Justify outsourcing. Value-added components manifest positive results increasing revenue and production. Outsourcing to a third party should add value. A relationship with a third party must create an exten sion of his or her existing organization. The contract between both parties should set the terms, conditions, and expectations to ensure clarity. Additionally, outsourcing benefits the contract organization as well as the consumer. When products or services are outsourced a reduction of cost benefits all parties.Many people do not look at the big picture. Jobs are lost in the country outsourcing but in return the country receives a cost savings to consumer purchases (Gorge & Hanley, 2004). Many companies outsource customer service, information technology help desk functions, and manufacturing, or assembly of parts. Labor and materials in low income, less restrictive labor laws, tax credits, and lower liabilities make outsourcing extremely cost-effective. The reduction in labor, materials, and fixed cost entice management to outsource (Gorge & Hanley, 2004).Outsourcing in many peoples opinion is taking jobs away from one-country and moving them to another. In the United States volume s of research have been conducted with a range of 300,000 to a projected 1. 4 million will be lost to outsourcing. However, the research cannot identify the exact amount of Jobs lost to outsourcing or natural progression and technology advancements (Gorge & Hanley, 2004). A United Kingdom study reveals more than 68% of organizations outsource a portion of products or services offshore. The same study indicates more than 50% of information technological work outsourced was below par.Additionally, more than 10% of work outsourced hampered production rage businesses. Small businesses will not profit or meet standard criteria for outsourcing Jobs (Gorge & Hanley, 2004). Some of the concerns people have in the United States is India and China will continue to take away more Jobs. The Jobs in information technology currently outsourced primarily require a college education. India and China have an average of six percent attending college between the ages of 18 and 24. Nonetheless, less th an one percent of the six percent speak English.Other things to consider -outsourced IT hardware reduced cost on the average of 10 to 30% 70% of Jobs in the United States cannot be outsourced -outsourcing has added Jobs in the import of products -outsourcing has increased the number of live contact with organizations instead of digitized prompting and automated responses -the United States economy has a projected growth rate of 13% that will increase the products and services currently offered -even though IT support is outsourced installation and repair will require local technicians and management of infrastructures -outsourcing businesses produced more than $50 billion in revenue for 2004 (Gorge & Hanley, 2004)Outsourcing is an effective way to lower cost and deliver higher quality service at a more affordable cost. Outsourcing provides an increase in operating efficiency, higher return on assets, and increase in profits. Outsourcing can provide new revenue streams with fewer ris k and lower collateral investment (Eunuchs, Wallace, Wilson, Smith, 2004). The make or buy analysis is a fast way to determine whether to in-house or outsource. Make or buy decision method can use full costing, incremental analysis, or variable costing. Full and variable costing process occurs when income statements are prepared. Income statements are not quickly prepared. The main goal is to decide if making or purchasing a product or service is cost- effective.Another aspect of making or purchasing is outsourcing does not incremental revenue. However, it does allow incremental costs, reduction in fixed costs, and potential savings. The potential savings will materialize in direct labor, material costs, and variable overhead costs (Noreen, Brewer, & Garrison, 2011). The savings from fixed and direct material cost would be seen in reduction of employee salaries, smaller facilities, and smaller facilities should equate to lower utilities. Material cost reduction will be observed by m aking smaller purchases. The reduction of expenses will carry-on to various other organizational expenses (Noreen, Brewer, & Garrison, 2011).Astray supported more than one-third of the Fortune 500 companies before the financial scandal in 2008. Astray is a company headquartered in India with more than 50,000 employees in 66 countries. The company enjoyed nine percent growth rate until the scandal. Satyr's financial scandal devastated the family-owned business. Mr.. Raja managed the company and overstated financial. The inflated financial assets, revenue, and ROI amassed fraud o the level of Enron. Astray is among the largest outsourcing organizations based in India. Outsourcing in the information technology sector generated more than $63 billion in revenue for India. Customer service is the second largest revenue stream in India in the area of outsourced labor (Timings, 2009).India maintains the largest percentage of outsourcing services in the world. The average salary is $10,250, the average income $8,000, and the average unemployment rate is 10%. However, various industries relies on India and China to squeeze out every penny of profit (Timings, 2009). Variable costs peak creating an environment of inconsistent expenses and profits. Consistent revenue enables price hedging for materials and dependable profits. Shareholders and board members manage investment portfolios with higher probability. Revenue steers long and short-term goals with accuracy. The Astray scenario adds to the degree of accuracy in accounting practices.Astray provided outsourcing services creating added value to clients. Visited and IBM added value to Ford and outsourcing services. Astray, Visited, MM, and Ford contracted portions of products, services, or outsourcing skills to improve profits and apply quality expertise. Revenue projections strengthen analytical analysis shaping future stock predictions improving profits. The pros and cons of outsourcing take time and careful considerat ion before the answer is realized on the company's financial statement. The pros and cons have been highlighted and opinions formed. Those opinions have objectivity and a sense of clarity to establish the strategy or mind shaping events.

Information Security Incident Noodles Companys...

Information Security Incident Noodles Company’s payment system’s integrity has been breached (Reuters, 2016). The data breach has affected both credit and debit cards used at some specific locations of the firm (Reuters, 2016). Subsequently, some reports highlight that the company has not been able to figure out the extent of the data breach that took away the customers’ sensitive information; it has also been mentioned that this data theft has mainly affected users who used their cards between Jan. 31 and June 2, 2016 (Reuters, 2016). Noodles Company is a fast food restaurant chain operator established in 1995 (About, 2016). The company offers noodle dishes, salads, sandwiches and soups all in a single location (restaurant) (About,†¦show more content†¦Event Impact and Risks Information security refers to confidentiality (accessible only to authorized individuals), availability (available when requested by an authorized person), and integrity (only authorized removal or alteration of information) of information (Yngstrom and Carlsen, 1997). And information security is required to retain a balance between various users of information (Kranakis et al., 2008). Such protocols have been violated by Noodles Company as the theft of credit and debit card information has jeopardized the customers’ sensitive financial information. Noodles Company’s payment system was targeted (Reuters, 2016). In their attempt, the hackers tried and accessed to the company’s payment system. This access enabled the hackers to access the financial information of the company’s customers. Subsequently, it cannot be denied that the hackers may have used the customers’ debit and credit card information for drawing money from the customers or they may have sold to any anonymous third party. In other words, this access has made private and sensitive information a public or sellable item in the black market. Additionally, many customers may have lost hundreds of dollars. Noodles Company commenced investigating in May when it found strange

Public Relations Print Media Vs. Social Media - 1675 Words

Issues in Public Relations Ivette Medrano Araujo MCOM 253-002 Principles of PR and Integrated Communications Towson University Issues in Public Relations: Print Media vs. Social Media Since its beginnings, public relations have been helpful and effective to every type of business that applies it or situation where it is applied. For decades, and even to date, one the most used ways of public relations have been the print media; however, a new and different method known as social media emerged worldwide and has caused different consequences in the field of public relations. Public relations have existed even before the Common Era. In continents that now are known as Europe and Asia, people carved on stones different types of negative messages about their opponents to discourage them (Wilcox, Cameron Reber, 2015, p. 40). This was a way of writing about a subject and letting people read it, and after that chat about it, instead of approaching people individually, they decided to do this in order to cover more â€Å"audience.† Many centuries had to pass in order to come up with a more a ccessible and sophisticated way to deliver messages to people. It was not until the invention and development of the printing press in 1450 attributed to Johannes Guttenberg (Wilcox, et al., 2015, p. 41) that print media would evolve in a different way in public relations. With the invention of the printing press, many people started not only to read books that were published, beingShow MoreRelatedMedia In Mass Media1555 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In more recent years, the mass media has begun to play a huge part in how the general public’s view on the world and how they receive their news. 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Essay on Analysing Kant - 710 Words

Kant Sewction 1 Kant starts off making two distinctions regarding kinds of knowledge, empirical/rational and formal/material. Empirical or experience-based knowledge is contrasted with rational knowledge, which is independent of experience. This distinction between empirical and rational knowledge rests on a difference in sources of evidence used to support the two different kinds of knowledge. Formal is contrasted with material knowledge. Formal knowledge has no specific subject matter; it is about the general structure of thinking about any subject matter whatsoever. Material knowledge is of a specific subject matter, either nature or freedom. Rational knowledge is metaphysics, of which there are two branches, the metaphysics of†¦show more content†¦It also means that the rule applies to all rational beings and not only to human beings. In this second sense we can say that the rule is universally binding. So in fact, moral rules are universal and necessary. If a moral rule is to be univer sal and necessary, the moral law must be derived from concepts of pure reason alone. Therefore, if a moral rule or law can only be derived from reason alone, there must be a pure moral philosophy whose task is to provide such a derivation. In the quot;Groundingquot;, Kant sets himself the task of establishing the quot;supreme principle of moralityquot; from which to make such a derivation. According to Kant good will and only a good will is intrinsically good. Kant distinguishes two different types of intrinsic or extrinsic goods. If a thing is only extrinsically good, then it is possible for that thing not to be good, or to be bad or evil. Intrinsic goodness is goodness in itself; if a thing is intrinsically good, its goodness is essential to it; and its goodness is not a function of factors other than itself. Kant holds that only a good will, not happiness, is intrinsically good. The idea that it is reason rather than natural impulse which guides action for the sake of happiness i s false. Parts of a person perform their functions by surviving and this provides happiness for the person. Reason functions poorly in serving that purpose; instinct does better job. Natural instinct rather thanShow MoreRelatedKant s Philosophy On Moral Philosophy Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough Kant s philosophy, outlined in The Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, has some value as a moral guide, it alone is not always sufficient. After analysing Kant s objective moral imperative, I will show that implementing his philosophy has the potential to permit what is considered to be immoral. This is due to its rigid conditions, which are formed on the basis that he believes in the existence of a perfect morality that always holds true. 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Contemporary Diagnosis and Management

Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Diagnosis and Management. Answer: Introduction: The human heart is a hollow organ of the cardiovascular system. Its composed of four chambers: two atria that receive venous blood and two ventricles which pump blood into arteries emptying the heart (Van et al. 2013). The right ventricle empties the heart of deoxygenated blood through the right atria and the pulmonary artery into the lungs. The left ventricle pumps and drains the heart of oxygenated blood to body tissues and cells through the aorta. The heart also consists of three layers, epicardium which is a fibrous sac that encloses the heart, endocardium which is made up endothelial tissues, and the myocardium that is made up of muscle fibers responsible for heart pumping action (Marieb Hoehn, 2015). Valves too make up part of the heart, they are four in total, and they include an atrioventricular group of valves such as tricuspid valves and the mitral valves. The second group is semilunar valves that include pulmonic valve and aortic valve. The heart also consists of coronary arteries, right and left pulmonary artery and superficial to these arteries are the pulmonary veins (Van et al. 2013). Functions of the heart The major function is pumping of blood, and this involves cardiac conduction system. The specialized cells of this system generate and conduct electrical impulses to the myocardial cells (Van et al. 2013). As a result, atrioventricular contractions occurs providing effective blood flow hence optimizing cardiac output. The electrical impulse is initiated at the Sino atrial node (SA), the primary pacemaker. The impulses cause subsequent stimulation and contraction of the right atrium. The impulses are then transmitted to the atrioventricular (AV) node where they are delayed for some time to allow atria to contract and complete ventricular filling (Marieb Hoehn, 2015). The AV relays the impulse to the ventricles through the bundle of His that passes through the septum demarcating right and left ventricles. The bundle of His segregates into the right and left bundle branches (Van et al. 2013). The right bundle branch transmits impulses to the right ventricle while the left bundle branch transmits impulses to the left ventricle. From the bundle branches, the impulses are transmitted to the terminal end of the conduction system, Purkinje fibers. The myocardial cells of the heart are consequently stimulated causing ventricular contraction, and therefore ejection of blood occurs (Marieb Hoehn, 2015). Adaptations of the heart to deviations from homeostasis Homeostasis is the stability or balance in the system whereby the body tries to maintain a constant internal environment through adjustments as conditions change. When any alterations affecting the cardiovascular system occur, the heart responds by either negative or positive feedback. As noted by Marieb and Hoehn (2015), negative feedback is a reaction in which the heart responds in a way to reverse any alterations. For instance, when the blood pressure increases above normal, baroreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses become increasingly stretched resulting in increased frequency of action potentials transmitted to the cardiac and vasomotor centers in the oblongata, hence lowering the blood pressure. Secondly, it does so through positive feedback, and this does not result in homeostasis. For example, in blood vessels, a threshold electric potential, triggers production of much larger action potentials resulting in further destabilization (Buja et al. 2014). Congestive heart failure (CHF) This is a cardiovascular disease in which the hearts blood pumping function is both ineffectively and insufficiently to meet the demands of body tissues for oxygen and nutrients (Peteiro et al. 2011). It can be categorized into classes 1 to 4 as the condition progresses from one class, which is asymptomatic to last class that is severe (Ramani et al. 2010). The last class is characterized by limitation in physical activity and danger signs like fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea and chest pain presents. Symptoms that commonly manifest depend on the body system where fluid overload is occurring. If cardiac congestion occurs the symptoms may include, tachycardia, cardiomegaly, delayed capillary refill, and poor peripheral perfusion (Peteiro et al. 2011). On the other hand, pulmonary congestion may occur, exhibiting symptoms such as cyanosis, dyspnea, tachypnea, and grunting, wheezing and flaring nares. In systemic venous congestion there, ascites, fatigue, anorexia, weight gain chest and e dema ensue (Williams Hopper, 2015). Pathophysiology of Congestive heart failure Several conditions lead to the development of congestive heart failure. These include hypertension, rheumatic fever, anemia, myocardial infarction and valvular disease. According to Ramani et al. (2010), these conditions partially impair the functioning of the myocardial cells thus reducing its contractility and effective pumping of blood by the ventricles. It can be either right sided or left sided heart failure. The right-sided heart failure occurs when the right ventricle is unable to adequately pump blood leading to increased pressure in the right atrium and ventricle as well as the systemic venous circulation, leading to liver and spleen enlargement and occasionally edema (Peteiro et al. 2011). As stipulated by Peteiro et al. (2011), the left-sided heart failure occurs when the left ventricle is unable to efficiently pump blood to the systemic circulation leading to increased pressure in the left atrium and ventricle as well as the pulmonary system. Lungs become congested leading to pulmonary edema. Consequently, there is the emergence of complications like kidney failure due to decreased blood flow to the renal system. There can also be liver damage due to scarring resulting from increased fluid buildup in the liver, cardiac muscles and valvular damage, distension of neck veins due to systemic overload, and pulmonary embolism as a result of clogging of blood in the lungs (Williams Hopper, 2015). References Buja, L. M., Netter, F. H., Krueger, G. R. F. (2014).Netter's Illustrated Human Pathology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. Marieb, E. N., Hoehn, K. (2015).Human anatomy physiology. Harlow, Essex: Pearson. Peteiro J, Peteiro-Vzquez J, Gaca-Campos A, Garca-Bueno L, Abugatts-de-Torres JP, Castro-Beiras A. (2011), The causes, consequences, and treatment of left or right heart failure. VHRM. doi:10.2147/VHRM.S10669 Ramani GV, Uber PA, Mehra MR. (2010), Chronic Heart Failure: Contemporary Diagnosis and Management. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 85(2):180-195. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0494 Van, D. G. K. M., Rhees, R. W., Palmer, S. (2013).Human anatomy and physiology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Williams, L. S., Hopper, P. D. (2015).Understanding medical, surgical nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.

Oscar Wao free essay sample

The ending of a novel can be evaluated by the reader in several different ways, however to properly analyze the work is to further explore the logic of how everything has come to be. The ability of the author to show the reader that the ending is reasonable from the preceding action and the character’s nature is what should truly be examined. Not only is the ending of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz both happy and unhappy, it is logical in the sense that it follows logically from the climax of the novel all while the character’s have been constant throughout, except Oscar. Oscar, the protagonist experiences a life-changing transformation that leads to his untimely death. However, the ending is convincing because of this transformation and it is convincing that the novel would end the way it would. Diaz wrote this novel in a way that kept the reader captivated and interested because his logic can not be questioned. We will write a custom essay sample on Oscar Wao or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As the novel is coming to a close, the reader finds that Oscar’s attitude and appearance changes rapidly, he experienced some great burst of energy to adjust his reclusive lifestyle. The sudden alteration in his life is never revealed to the reader, but seems to be more of a â€Å"deux ex machina† tactic to go with the ending. Because of the frequent switching of stories and histories, when the reader is reintroduced to Oscar at the end, chapters of his life are left out and he had suddenly transformed. Having been shunned by society during his high school and college years due to his odd looks and awkward social habits seemed to be too cruel for Oscar. There had had to be something bigger in store for him. Oscar even began to branch out from his hermit way of life after the change; he even visited his family in the Dominican Republic where he was driven too far by love for a woman he met. His determination and passion eventually led him to his death but it seemed just right. Oscar had shown throughout the ending an unbreakable determination to court this woman and win over her love. His new appearance and outgoing personality drove him to pursue her and never give up. Trouble began to brew because of the woman, and it seemed logical to any normal person to discontinue the pursuit; but Oscar’s stubbornness that was frequently depicted in situations throughout the novel led him to his death. In this novel there was no other way for Oscar to die logically; he needed a big bang to bow out of his eccentric life and what better way for him, than to die for love. True love, what Oscar had been searching for his entire life and finally found, had killed him. The conclusion of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Diaz is satisfying because the ending revolved around Oscar’s death, the separate stories of the novel now intertwined because of him. His transformation and new personality was ultimately the cause of his death, but in a sense it can be considered happy because it seems just right. Oscar becomes a new person and breaks free of his nerdy and rejected persona. Diaz seamlessly weaves the ending of Oscar Wao’s story and all the characters around him due to their natures and the preceding actions. The ending of this novel is convincing and logical because of Oscar’s new transformation which led him to do things which he would have not done before. These things that he did, most specifically pursuing a woman he should not have, led him to his death. Despite the morbid ending, it is not unreasonable; it is certainly logical and therefore satisfying to the reader.